U.S. farmer sentiment improved in February, reflecting a more optimistic outlook on current economic conditions in agriculture, according to the latest Purdue University-CME Group Ag Economy Barometer. The index climbed to 152, an 11-point increase from January, as producers reported stronger financial performance and improved farm conditions.

The Current Conditions Index, which measures farmers’ perceptions of their financial and operational status, saw a significant jump, rising 28 points to 137. This increase follows a prolonged period of uncertainty last year when the index fell to a low of 76. The turnaround has been fueled by a sharp recovery in crop prices, expectations of federal disaster payments, and a resilient livestock market.

“The combination of higher commodity prices and financial relief from disaster payments is giving farmers a stronger footing,” said Michael Langemeier, associate director of the Purdue Center for Commercial Agriculture.

While current sentiment has improved, expectations for the future remained relatively steady. The Future Expectations Index increased slightly to 159, just three points higher than January’s reading. This suggests that while farmers are optimistic about future conditions, they remain cautious about long-term challenges.

Investment and Farmland Values

The Farm Capital Investment Index, which tracks producers’ willingness to make significant capital purchases, rose 11 points to 59 in February. This marks the highest reading since May 2021 and indicates growing confidence in the agricultural economy. Unlike previous months, where investment optimism was driven by expectations for the future, February’s increase was largely attributed to improved present conditions.

Meanwhile, farmland value expectations have continued their gradual rise. The Short-Term Farmland Value Expectations Index reached 118, up three points from January. While still below the highs of 2021 and 2022, the index suggests growing confidence in land values compared to late 2024.

Outlook on Farm Growth and Policy Concerns

Farmers are also re-evaluating their growth plans. Half of those surveyed indicated they have no plans to expand their operations in the next five years or intend to exit the industry. However, the percentage of farmers expecting significant growth of more than 10% annually doubled compared to last year, reaching 19%.

Policy concerns remain a key issue for U.S. farmers. Sixty-two percent of respondents emphasized the importance of passing a new Farm Bill in 2025. Trade policy ranked as the most critical issue, cited by 44% of farmers, followed by crop insurance programs at 18%. Additionally, 48% of respondents expressed concern about the likelihood of a trade war that could reduce U.S. agricultural exports.

Looking Ahead

Despite ongoing concerns over trade and policy, the overall sentiment among farmers suggests cautious optimism. Rising commodity prices, financial stability, and improving conditions on farms have bolstered confidence. While uncertainties remain, particularly regarding policy developments, February’s survey results indicate that U.S. producers are on firmer economic ground than they were just a few months ago.

The February survey was conducted from February 10-14, 2025.