According to Gladstein, Neandross & Associates’ third annual State of Sustainable Fleets Market Brief, transportation fleets continued to report a resounding trend — their use of clean fuels and advanced vehicle technologies is rapidly progressing. Gladstein, Neandross & Associates unveiled findings from the report, for which Daimler Truck North America, Penske Transportation Solutions and Shell Oil Company served as title sponsors, at the Advanced Clean Transportation Expo.

“We are seeing an incredible acceleration in the investment being made from all sides of the alternative fuel vehicle market driven by increasing commitments to environmental sustainability and carbon reduction and to find more cost-effective transportation options given today’s record-breaking gasoline and diesel fuel prices,” Erik Neandross, CEO of Gladstein, Neandross & Associates, said. “Again, our survey results confirm, in every sector, fleets are increasingly turning to a spectrum of advanced clean vehicle technologies and low carbon fuels to not only meet their sustainability goals, but improve their fleet’s bottom line.”

The report’s authors surveyed nearly 250 U.S.-based fleets that have used clean fuels and vehicles, including propane vehicles, compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles, battery-electric vehicles and fuel cell electric vehicles. Among that group, nearly 85% reported that their use of clean vehicle technologies will grow over the next five years.

A key to increased adoption of near- and zero-emission transportation across the public and private sectors, including accompanying fueling and charging infrastructure, is record-setting government funding and legislative support at both the state and federal levels, according to the report. While California continues to lead in vehicle and infrastructure funding as well as progressive zero-emission regulations, five other states are following suit with regulations of their own, as Oregon, Washington, New Jersey, New York and Massachusetts have all adopted rules based on California’s that require automakers to sell increasing numbers of zero-emission trucks. In terms of funding, the report found that available public incentives for the clean fuel and vehicle market will increase to approximately $20 billion annually across more than 230 programs over the next few years, a nearly seven-fold increase from the previous annual average of $3 billion. Much of the funding growth is due to the $1.2 trillion Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, according to the report.

Additional Report Highlights

• Diesel fuel prices are at an all-time high, further improving economics for alternatives. National average prices at the pump were 19% higher in 2021 than in 2020.
• Battery-electric vehicle demand is ramping up despite supply chain delays and high costs. The report found that scheduled medium- and heavy-duty battery-electric vehicle deployments will go from dozens to hundreds across this year and next. Fleets are placing record-setting orders and certain sectors are already experiencing early scale, including nearly 1,800 battery-electric school buses ordered or deployed by more than 350 school fleets in the United States to date. A few hundred more grant-funded Class 8 battery-electric vehicle orders from major manufacturers were placed in 2021 and early 2022. Orders still far outpace vehicle deliveries and battery prices remain stubbornly high. In another emerging trend in this space, vehicle manufacturers are becoming more involved in the battery-electric ecosystem by providing value-add services to fleets learning to operate in this new and unfamiliar space.
• Compressed natural gas fuel is priced just right as vehicle sales grow. Among surveyed fleets, 79% reported that fuel cost savings is a primary advantage for deploying natural gas units. Transit buses, straight trucks (including refuse) and Class 8 tractors are the dominant sectors driving CNG vehicle sales, leading growth in registrations of natural gas vehicles by 3% from 2020 to 2021. Most fleets that have piloted or purchased CNG trucks in the past two years additionally reported equal or better performance on emissions (96% of fleets), noise (87%), fuel supply (67%) and total cost of ownership (57%) compared with diesel.
• Renewable diesel growth is very strong. Production capacity for renewable diesel increased from 600 million to 800 million gallons per year between late 2020 and mid- 2021. By 2025, U.S. production capacity is forecasted to exceed 5 billion gallons annually, a six-fold increase from 2021. The annual survey found that renewable diesel adoption is highest among government fleets, with nearly half of state, county and municipal fleets reporting renewable diesel usage.
• Propane fuel is easy and affordable with its sub-$2 per gallon cost. Among the more mature clean vehicle platforms highlighted in the report, four states — California, Florida, Michigan and Texas — accounted for roughly 30% of national demand for propane vehicle fuel. Propane-powered trucks are most often used by state, county and municipal fleets (43% of such fleet types in the survey). Its usage is also common among smaller fleets, with 35% of propane users in the survey representing fleets with 101 to 500 vehicles.
• Hydrogen vehicles are on the horizon, with larger grant-funded demonstrations beginning now. The report found that total hydrogen heavy-duty vehicle purchases in the United States were just under 150 orders in 2021. There were no public hydrogen stations opened outside of California in 2021, but an additional 57 stations, primarily for light- duty hydrogen vehicles, are planned for California, Ohio, New York, Rhode Island, Connecticut and Massachusetts. Dozens of grant-funded fuel cell electric tractors are now on order by leading fleets.

“Commercial transportation is entering an exciting transformation that impacts not only our industry, but the communities in which we all operate,” Mary Aufdemberg, general manager of product strategy and market development at Daimler Truck North America, said. “While change can sometimes bring uncertainty, studies like the State of Sustainable Fleets report help all stakeholders understand and navigate the critical trends so they can plan for their future success. At Daimler Truck, we share our customers’ sustainability goals and are proud to serve as their trusted advisors to help provide the right solution to suit their needs.”

“Shell has long provided solutions enabling fleets to operate more efficiently and cost- effectively, and now we are guiding fleet customers along their own unique decarbonization journeys,” Carlos Maurer, executive vice president of sectors and decarbonization at Shell, said. “We recognize that navigating the many pathways to fleet decarbonization can be overwhelming, so Shell is pleased to support the State of Sustainable Fleets report to help equip fleet managers with the latest research and insights to keep their fleets on the road and moving toward a net- zero future.”

“The State of Sustainable Fleets report provides valuable insight into the industry’s views on transportation sustainability and can provide practical, technology-neutral guidance for fleets searching for solutions. We are very proud to once again sponsor this leading publication,” Drew Cullen, senior vice president of fuels and facility services for Penske Transportation Solutions, said.