Following the largest increase in a decade, small business optimism held steady in the fourth quarter, according to the latest Wells Fargo/Gallup Small Business Index, conducted October 2–6.

In the quarterly survey, which measures the optimism of small business owners, the overall Index score dipped slightly to 103 in October – down from 106 in July when it was the highest Index reading in a decade. A contributing factor to the three-point decrease was how business owners evaluated their current finances. Seventy-one percent rated their financial situation today as very or somewhat good in October, down five percentage points from 76 in July. Despite this slight decline, business owners’ financial situation remains at pre-recession levels.

Hiring Remains a Top Challenge

In October, business owners were asked to identify the most important challenge facing their businesses today. Sixteen percent of small business owners said hiring and retaining quality staff is their top concern, up from 13% last quarter and the highest reading on this measure since the question was added to the survey in 2013. While hiring is a top challenge, 32% of business owners reported plans to increase the number of jobs at their business in the next year – the second highest percentage in the 14-year history of the survey. Other top concerns this quarter included attracting customers and finding new business (11%), taxes (11%), government regulations (11%), and financial stability/cash flow (8%).

“Hiring the workers they need has clearly become a more pressing issue for small business owners,” noted Mark Vitner, senior economist at Wells Fargo. “Labor markets have tightened around the country and many workers that had been employed part-time have moved on to full-time positions, making it particularly difficult to fill these positions right now.”

Most other survey measures were unchanged or had incremental shifts in the fourth quarter, including:

• Steady Revenues –Almost half (46%) said their business’ revenue increased over the past 12 months, unchanged from the previous two quarters and up from a year ago, when it was 37%.
• Healthy Cash Flow – Continuing an upward trend, 65% of small business owners rated their company’s cash flow as very or somewhat good over the past 12 months, up from 63% from the previous two quarters and from 55% a year ago.
• Ease of obtaining credit – Again this quarter, 39% said credit was very or somewhat easy to obtain over the past 12 months, up from 34% a year ago.
• Plans to hire – About a third (32%) reported plans to hire in the next 12 months, compared to 27% in July.

“It’s promising to see that, in general, business owners are maintaining a positive outlook as we move toward the end of the year,” said Andy Rowe, Wells Fargo head of Customer Segments. “Despite this quarter’s modest decline, business owner optimism has improved 23 points year over year and is still holding steady at post-recession highs. As we look ahead to 2018, it’s a positive sign that business owners continue to report capital spending plans at the stronger levels achieved at the end of 2016, and that one in three are looking to add new staff.”

Small Business Marketing and Payment Trends

The latest survey also asked business owners about their technology use, and found that only about half are making changes to the way they market and operate their businesses. When asked how they use social media in their business, more business owners reported an active presence on Facebook (53%) than any other social media platform. In addition, 53% said social media is very or somewhat important for marketing to new and existing customers, followed closely by advertising (52%). The latest survey also shows that business owners are making small strides to update their online and e-commerce presence. In the next 12 months, 53% of business owners plan to update their websites and 51% plan to increase their online presence through online marketing and social media sites. About a third plan to increase efforts to interact with customers via online or mobile apps, and a third plan to increase their business’ e-commerce presence.

When it comes to payments, some business owners appear to be embracing new technologies or making changes to the types of payments their business accepts. The top form of accepted payments remains in-person cash or check at 88%, followed by mailed payment via check at 82%. Thirty-nine percent of business owners now accept in-person credit and debit card payments using traditional point-of-sale terminals, up from 31% in January 2016. And 33% accept credit or debit card payments via a mobile point-of-sale terminal, such as Square, up from 20% in January 2016. Twelve percent of business owners said they accept digital wallet payments, compared to 5% in January 2016.

Small Business Index Key Drivers

In October, the “present situation” score – how business owners gauge their perceptions over the past 12 months – decreased slightly to 43, down from 45 in July when it was at the highest point in a decade. The “future expectations” score – how business owners expect their businesses to perform over the next 12 months – remained relatively unchanged at 60.